India is an agricultural country with about 53.5% of the land agricultural land we have a variety of lands and monsoon areas with variations in their timing based on this character we can classify the crop production according to their seasons. Rabi crop is sown in October/November and harvested around April/May. Rabi crops are grown either from rainwater that has percolated into the ground or using irrigation. Heavy rain or good winter rain can destroy rabi crops. Kharif crops are sown in May/June and harvested around September/October. This requires heavy rain and a hot climate this is why the southern part of India is the major Kharif crop producer.
Crop
A crop is a plant or plant product that can be grown and harvested for profit subsistence. E.g. Wheat, Rice, Maize, Bajara, Gram, Peas, Black gram, Arhar, millet, etc.
Types of crops (There are main 3 types of the crop according to season):-
- Rabi Crop ( Winter Season).
- Kharif Crop (Monsoon Season).
- Zaid Crop. ( Summer Season).
Rabi Crop
The Arabic translation of Rabi is ‘Spring’. Rabi crops are sown during winter in India and Pakistan which is why they are also known as winter crops. The sowing season generally starts around November and the crops are harvested between March and April which is springtime in the region. Since the monsoon is over by November in these countries, these crops are usually cultivated using irrigation or rainwater that has percolated into the ground.
These crops are sown around the Retreating Monsoon and Northeast monsoon season, which begins in October, and are called rabi crops. The harvest for these crops happens typically during April and May, during the summer season. These crops are not much affected by rainfall. Major Rabi crops are wheat, gram, peas, barley, etc. A warm climate is required for seed germination and a cold climate is for the growth of crops. e.g. Musterd, Banana, Cabbage, Mangoes, Banana, etc.
Kharif Crop
The word Kharif is also Arabic and it means ‘Autumn’ and the Kharif crops are harvested in this season (September or October). These crops are also known as monsoon crops as they are cultivated in this season. They grow well in rain-fed areas with a hot and humid climate. Kharif crops are highly reliant on rainfall patterns. The quantity and timing of rains are the two most essential parameters that determine Kharif crop output. Their crops are harvested at the end of the monsoon season, and their seeds are planted at the start of the monsoon season.
According to Indian farming and as per the season of Kharif crops. Monsoon rains may begin as early as May in some parts of the Indian subcontinent, and crops are generally harvested from the third week of September to October. Rice, maize, and cotton are some of the major Kharif crops in India. Unlike the Rabi crops, which are grown in the winter, the Kharif crops require good rainfall. In this crop category, we can include rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet/bajra, finger millet/ragi, Arhar, soybean, groundnut, cotton, etc.
Also Read: Crop Improvement
Difference Between Rabi and Kharif Crop
Rabi Crop | Kharif Crop |
| Sowing Season | |
Rabi crops are sown during October/November, the end of the monsoon. | Kharif crops are sown during the beginning of the first monsoon. |
| Rainfall Pattern | |
Heavy/good winter rain can destroy rabi crops | Requires heavy/good rainfall (If there is not good rainfall can destroy crops that are affected by this/drought condition). |
| Essential factors require for growth | |
They require cold weather to grow and worm climate to seed germination extreme worm climate affects germination and low yield. | They require heavy rainfall and a hot climate to grow and germinate. hot climate can’t affect seed germination or growth. |
| Harvesting season | |
Can harvest in October/November (can vary according to sown). | can harvest in April/May (Can vary according to sown/soil quality). |
| Photoperiodism | |
Main reason rabi crops are long-day plants. ( Require sunlight for their germination).short-day | Kharif crops are short-day plants. ( require sunlight for their germination). |
| Also known as | |
Rabi crops are known as Spring crops. | Kharif crops are known as Monsoon crops. |
| Examples | |
Wheat, Peas, Gram, Mustard, barley, etc. | Rice, Arhar, Maize, Black gram, etc. |
Conclusion
In India, there are a lot of variations in the land, soil, and monsoon sometimes natural disasters can cause the loss of lots of crops. For example, many agricultural lands depend on rainfall in some places if there is no rainfall can lead to drought, and somewhere heavy floods are also a reason for crop spoil we need to manage these problems with the government as well as the public sector. If there is loss of crops can cause malnutrition and ultimately affect the population with a variety of factors.
FAQs of Difference Between Rabi and Kharif Crop
Question 1: What are Rabi crops?
Answer:
Rabi crop is called winter crop. Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June.
Question 2: What are Kharif crops?
Answer:
Kharif crop are grown with the onset of mansoon in different parts of the country and these crops harvested in September-October.
Question 3: Which part of India has major Kharif crop production?
Answer:
Southern aprts of india. Beacause of heavy rain and warm climate.
Question 4: Which crops are getting affected by rainfall patterns?
Answer:
Kharif crops are getting affected by rainfall pattern, beacause require haevy rainfall for growth and germination.
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